Absent in melanoma 2 enhances anti‐tumour effects of CAIX promotor controlled conditionally replicative adenovirus in renal cancer

Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) were promising approach for solid tumour treatment, but its oncolytic efficiency and toxicity are still not satisfactory for further clinical application. Here, we developed the CAIX promotor (CAIX^promotor)‐controlled CRAd armed with a tumour suppressor absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) to enhance its oncolytic potency. The CAIX^promotor‐AIM2 adenoviruses (Ad‐CAIX^promotor‐AIM2) could efficiently express E1A and AIM2 in renal cancer cells. Compared with Ad‐CAIX^promotor, Ad‐CAIX^promotor‐AIM2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis and cell killing, thus resulting in the oncolytic efficiency in 786‐O cells or OSRC‐2 cells. To explore the therapeutic effect, various Ads were intratumourally injected into OSRC‐2‐xenograft mice. The tumour growth was remarkably inhibited in Ad‐CAIX^promotor‐AIM2‐treated group as demonstrated by reduced tumour volume and weight with a low toxicity. The inflammasome inhibitor YVAD‐CMK resulted in the reduction of anti‐tumour activity by Ad‐CAIX^promotor‐AIM2 in vitro or in vivo, suggesting that inflammasome activation response was required for the enhanced therapeutic efficiency. Furthermore, lung metastasis of renal cancer mice was also suppressed by Ad‐CAIX^promotor‐AIM2 treatment accompanied by the decreased tumour fossil in lung tissues. These results indicated that the tumour‐specific Ad‐CAIX^promotor‐AIM2 could be applied for human renal cancer therapy. The therapeutic strategy of AIM2‐based CRAds could be a potential and promising approach for the therapy of primary solid or metastasis tumours.     

Direct Visualization of the Interfacial Degradation of Cathode Coatings in Solid State Batteries: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study

The interfacial instability between a thiophosphate solid electrolyte and oxide cathodes results in rapid capacity fade and has driven the need for cathode coatings. In this work, the stability, evolution, and performance of uncoated, Li₂ZrO₃‐coated, and Li₃B₁₁O₁₈‐coated LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ cathodes are compared using first‐principles computations and electron microscopy characterization. Li₃B₁₁O₁₈ is identified as a superior coating that exhibits excellent oxidation/chemical stability, leading to substantially improved performance over cells with Li₂ZrO₃‐coated or uncoated cathodes. The chemical and structural origin of the different performance is interpreted using different microscopy techniques which enable the direct observation of the phase decomposition of the Li₂ZrO₃ coating. It is observed that Li is already extracted from the Li₂ZrO₃ in the first charge, leading to the formation of ZrO₂ nanocrystallites with loss of protection of the cathode. After 50 cycles separated (Co, Ni)‐sulfides and Mn‐sulfides can be observed within the Li₂ZrO₃‐coated material. This work illustrates the severity of the interfacial reactions between a thiophosphate electrolyte and oxide cathode and shows the importance of using coating materials that are absolutely stable at high voltage.     

PVP Treatment Induced Gradient Oxygen Doping in In2S3 Nanosheet to Boost Solar Water Oxidation of WO3 Nanoarray Photoanode

The photoelectrochemical performance of the WO₃ photoanode is limited by the severe charge recombination in the bulk phase and at the WO₃/electrolyte interface. Herein, In₂S₃ nanosheets are integrated onto the surface of the WO₃ nanowall array photoanode, followed by a facile polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution treatment. The PVP treatment results in sulfur vacancies and a gradient oxygen doping into In₂S₃ from surface to interior, which induces the formation of a gradient energy band distribution. The gradient band structured In₂S₃ and type II band alignment at the WO₃/In₂S₃ interface simultaneously create a channel that favors photogenerated electrons to migrate from the surface to the conductive substrate, thereby suppressing bulk carrier recombination. Meanwhile, the sulfur vacancies and oxygen doping contribute to increased charge carrier concentration, prolonged carrier lifetime, more active sites, and small interfacial transfer impedance. As a consequence, the PVP treated WO₃/In₂S₃ heterostructure photoanode exhibits a significantly enhanced photocurrent of 1.61 mA cm^?2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and negative onset potential of 0.02 V versus RHE.     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉对结肠癌手术患者血流动力学、炎症反应及免疫球蛋白的影响

目的:探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉对结肠癌手术患者血流动力学、炎症反应及免疫球蛋白的影响。方法:选取2017年1月～2018年12月期间于新疆医科大学附属第一医院行腹腔镜下结肠癌根治术患者189例,根据随机数字表法将患者分成对照组(n=94,丙泊酚麻醉)和研究组(n=95,瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉),比较两组患者围术期指标、血流动力学、炎症反应及免疫球蛋白水平,记录两组术中不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组患者苏醒时间、拔管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。对照组麻醉诱导10 min(T2)、术毕拔管后10 min(T3)时间点心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)较T1时间点降低,T3时间点高于T2时间点(P0.05),研究组T2时间点HR、MAP较T1时间点降低(P0.05);研究组T2、T3时间点HR、MAP高于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。研究组术后1h(T4)、术后1d(T5)时间点白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)低于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。研究组T4、T5时间点免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)高于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:结肠癌手术中使用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉,可有效改善围术期各项指标,维持机体血流动力学稳定,减少机体炎症反应、免疫抑制,安全可靠。     

重庆地区人类免疫缺陷病毒携带者的微孢子虫感染情况调查

目前我国关于微孢子虫感染人的研究相对较少,更没有关于重庆地区人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)携带者感染微孢子虫的数据统计。对重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心收治的22例HIV抗体阳性,但尚未接受抗病毒治疗的患者进行研究。将22例患者粪便样本分别提取总DNA,通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)法和DNA测序等技术对微孢子虫在患者中的感染情况进行检测,并对微孢子虫种类进行鉴定。同时对22例患者的免疫细胞亚群进行计数和分析。结果显示,微孢子虫的感染率为36.3%(8/22),主要由脑炎微孢子虫属(Encephalitozoon spp)的海伦脑炎微孢子虫(E. hellem)和肠脑炎微孢子虫(E. intestinalis)引起。22例患者的免疫细胞亚群分析显示,平均淋巴细胞数0.93±0.13×10⁹/L,CD4^＋T细胞数132±22 个/mL,CD8^＋T细胞数495±91 个/mL,CD4/CD8细胞比值0.37±0.1,表明患者免疫功能受到严重抑制。进一步将微孢子虫感染患者与未感染患者的免疫细胞亚群进行比较发现,感染患者淋巴细胞数为0.51±0.1×10⁹/L,未感染患者为1.17±0.17 ×10⁹/L,两者具有显著差异(P<0.05);感染患者CD4^＋T细胞数为71±27 个/mL,未感染患者为167±28 个/mL,两者具有显著差异(P<0.05);感染患者CD8^＋T细胞数为209±35 个/mL,未感染患者为658±123 个/mL,两者具有显著差异(P<0.05),以上表明微孢子虫感染组的免疫功能受损情况更严重。本研究结果提示微孢子虫的机会性感染与患者免疫功能受损情况密切相关,脑炎微孢子虫属在重庆地区有较高的感染率,这为进一步阐明微孢子虫与宿主相互作用关系奠定基础,也为公共卫生健康管理提供重要参考。     

A Prognostic Model to Predict Recovery of COVID-19 Patients Based on Longitudinal Laboratory Findings

Virologica Sinica - The temporal change patterns of laboratory data may provide insightful clues into the whole course of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal change patterns of key...     

Evidence of compliance with and effectiveness of guidelines for noninvasive prenatal testing in China: a retrospective study of 189,809 cases

In China,the medical guidelines recommend performing noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) with caution for pregnant women aged 35 years or older.However,the Mother and Child Health Care Law suggests that all primiparous women whose age is older than 35 years undergo prenatal diagnosis.These two inconsistent suggestions/recommendations have made obstetricians confused about whether to offer NIPT to these older pregnant women.To face this issue and find out the solution we performed a retrospective study of 189,809 NIPT samples collected from 28 provincial-leveled administrative units in China.Of 1,564women with high-risk pregnancies who underwent NIPT,459 (29.3%) did not participate in follow-up.The compound sensitivity and specificity of NIPT for trisomies 21,18 and 13 detection was 99.1%(95%CI,98.0%-99.6%) and 99.9%(95%CI,98.8%-99.9%),respectively.In secundiparous women,NIPT showed high sensitivity and specificity similar to that in primiparous women.The observed risk for trisomies 21 and 18 significantly increased when the maternal age was 39 and older.After the publication of the current NIPT policy,the follow-up rate at our center was 97.9%;however,a large number of women are not in maternal and infant care networks nationwide,and that makes the follow-up rate outside our center relatively low.Our study shows that to balance the prevention of major aneuploidies and the limited resources for prenatal diagnosis,the cut-off age of 35for invasive prenatal diagnosis might be unnecessary.Although the NIPT guidelines are well written,how to practice it effectively,especially in less industrialized areas,is worth discussing.     

抑瘤素M受体对慢性自身免疫性荨麻疹发病机制的影响

本研究旨在探讨抑瘤素M受体(OSMR)在慢性自身免疫性荨麻疹(CAU)发病机制中的作用。本研究分别检测30例CAU患者及30名健康受试者的皮肤组织中OSMR、JAK和STAT3的表达,研究显示OSMR、JAK和STAT3在CAU患者皮肤组织中高表达(p<0.05)。转染OSMR-siRNA可显著降低CAU模型小鼠血清炎症因子IL-1、IL-6和IFN-γ水平,而转染JAK/STAT3信号通路激动剂Tyr705则可显著升高炎症因子水平(p<0.05)。转染OSMR-siRNA可显著降低CAU小鼠瘙痒次数、瘙痒时间和嗜酸性粒细胞计数,而转染Tyr705则可显著升高CAU小鼠瘙痒次数、瘙痒时间和嗜酸性粒细胞计数(p<0.05)。转染OSMR-siRNA促进了CAU小鼠上皮细胞的增殖能力,并抑制了细胞凋亡(p<0.05)。而转染Tyr705则抑制了CAU小鼠上皮细胞的增殖能力,并促进了细胞凋亡(p<0.05)。转染OSMR-siRNA下调了上皮细胞中OSMR、JAK和STAT3的表达,而转染Tyr705则上调了OSMR、JAK和STAT3的表达(p<0.05)。总之,本研究表明OSMR基因在CAU患者皮肤组织中高表达。OSMR基因沉默可通过抑制JAK/STAT3信号通路来抑制炎症因子表达及嗜酸性粒细胞数量,促进上皮细胞增殖并抑制细胞凋亡。     

Finite element analysis of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference on optic nerve head biomechanics: the Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure Study

Science China Life Sciences - The present study aims to assess the potential difference of biomechanical response of the optic nerve head to the same level of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure...     

Could urinary ACE2 protein level help identify individuals susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and complication?

Science China Life Sciences -